What is SGPT (ALT)?
SGPT, also known as Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), is an enzyme found primarily in liver cells. When liver cells are damaged or inflamed, SGPT leaks into the bloodstream, causing its levels in the blood to rise. This makes SGPT one of the most sensitive and specific markers of liver damage available.
Why is the SGPT Test Done?
- To detect liver damage from hepatitis B or C infection.
- To diagnose fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is increasingly common in Bangladesh due to dietary habits.
- To monitor liver health in patients taking long-term medications like paracetamol, statins, or anti-tuberculosis drugs.
- To investigate symptoms like jaundice, abdominal pain, nausea, or unexplained fatigue.
- As part of a Liver Function Test (LFT) panel alongside SGOT, ALP, and bilirubin.
Normal SGPT Levels
- Men: 7–56 units/L
- Women: 7–45 units/L
Mildly elevated SGPT (up to 3 times normal) may indicate fatty liver or medication effects. Levels more than 10 times the upper normal limit suggest acute hepatitis or serious liver injury. Always interpret with a doctor.
How to Prepare for SGPT Test
Fasting for 8–12 hours before the test is generally recommended, as fatty meals can temporarily raise SGPT. Avoid heavy exercise the day before, as intense physical activity can also elevate ALT. Inform your doctor of all medications and supplements you take.
SGPT vs SGOT — What is the Difference?
SGOT (AST) is found in both liver and heart muscle cells, while SGPT (ALT) is more specific to the liver. When SGPT is elevated much more than SGOT, it more strongly points to liver disease. When both are elevated equally, the doctor may also consider heart conditions.