✍️ Edited by Farhan Ahmed, Editor, MedTestBD · Last updated: August 2026
What is an OPG?
An OPG (Orthopantomogram), also called a dental panoramic X-ray or panoramic radiograph, is a single wide-format X-ray that captures a complete view of the entire mouth in one image — including all the upper and lower teeth, both jaws, the temporomandibular joints, sinuses, and surrounding bone. The X-ray machine rotates around the head during the exposure to produce this panoramic view. It is the most commonly requested dental imaging test and provides information that individual small dental X-rays cannot.
Why is an OPG Done?
- To assess the overall condition of all teeth, roots, and surrounding bone in a single image
- To evaluate wisdom teeth (third molars) — their position, development, and whether removal is needed
- To plan dental implants, orthodontic treatment, or dentures
- To detect cysts, tumours, or abnormal bone lesions in the jaw
- To assess bone loss from periodontal (gum) disease
- To evaluate jaw fractures after facial trauma
- To screen for developmental dental abnormalities in children
What an OPG Can Show
| Structure | What is Assessed |
|---|---|
| Teeth | Cavities, root length, missing teeth, impacted wisdom teeth |
| Jaw bone | Bone density, fractures, cysts, tumours |
| Periodontal bone | Bone loss from gum disease |
| TMJ | Joint space and basic condyle shape |
| Sinuses | Maxillary sinus disease visible on the image |
| Developing teeth | Tooth development stages in children and adolescents |
An OPG is a screening tool — it gives an overview but is not sufficient for detailed diagnosis of individual tooth problems. Your dentist will order small periapical X-rays for specific teeth when more detail is needed. Radiation dose is low — equivalent to approximately one day of natural background radiation.
How to Prepare for an OPG
- No fasting is required
- Remove all metal objects from the head and neck — earrings, necklaces, glasses, hair clips, and hearing aids
- Remove dentures, removable partial plates, or orthodontic retainers before the scan
- You will stand or sit at the machine and bite gently on a small plastic peg to position your teeth correctly
- Stay completely still during the 15–20 second rotation of the machine around your head
- Inform the radiographer if you are pregnant
Normal ranges cited on this page are based on MedlinePlus and WHO guidance. Prices are collected from public sources and may change — confirm with the facility before visiting. This information is for general reference only and is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified physician.
